Journal Article 1: Dansereau, D. R. (2017). Young children, sound-producing objects, and the shape bias. Psychology of Music, 45, 193–203. doi:10.1177/0305735616653465

Learning Objectives: 13-1: The difference between parametric and nonparametric tests. | 13-2: When to compute different nonparametric tests. | 13-3: How to compute chi-square goodness of fit and chi-square tests for independence tests for nominal data.

Summary: This is a study examining the tendency for children to focus on the shape of an object rather than the sound the object makes.

Questions to Consider:

1. Why are nonparametric statistics the correct analyses for this study?
2. What were the results of the chi-square goodness of fit tests?
3. What are the implications of these results?

Journal Article 2: Parsons, S. A., Gallagher, M. A., & the George Mason University Content Analysis Team (2016). A content analysis of nine literacy journals, 2009–2014. Journal of Literacy Research, 48, 476–502. doi:10.1177/1086296X16680053

Learning Objectives: 13-2: When to compute different nonparametric tests | 13-3: How to compute chi-square goodness of fit and chi-square tests for independence tests for nominal data.

Summary: This is a study examining different content presented across literacy journals.

Questions to Consider:

1. What was the purpose of the study?
2. What are the results of the chi-square tests of independence?
3. What is the practical significance of the findings?

Journal Article 3: Lev-On, A., & Waismel-Manor, I. (2016). Looks that matter: The effect of physical attractiveness in low-and high-information elections. American Behavioral Scientist, 60, 1756–1771. doi:1177/0002764216676249

Learning Objectives: 13-2: When to compute different nonparametric tests. | 13-3: How to compute chi-square goodness of fit and chi-square tests for independence tests for nominal data.

Summary: This article reports results of two experiments examining the effect of attractiveness of political candidates on the voting.

Questions to Consider:

1. What was the experimental design of each of the two studies?
2. What were the results of the chi-square tests of independence for study 1? For study 2?
3. What are the implications of the results from both these studies?