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Journal Article 3.1: Koepsell, D., Brink, W.P., & Pont, S. (2014). Human Research Ethics Committees in Technical Universities. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 9. 67–73.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. Why are ethics committees mandated by law in the United States, the UK, Canada, and Australia?
2. Why would other nations decide not to uphold similar ethical standards in their human-centered research?
3. What are the practical reasons for ethics reviews as outlined in the text?
4. Why do the authors draw a distinction between medical and non-medical research and review processes?

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Journal Article 3.2: Reicher, S.D., Haslam, S.A., & Smith, J.R. (2012). Working Toward the Experimenter: Reconceptualizing Obedience Within the Milgram paradigm as Identification-Based Followership. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(4), 315–324.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. What is the traditional understanding of and take-aways from the Milgram experiments?
2. How does this article reorganize the relationship between the research subjects, the in-experiment authority, and the intellectual community?
3. How do you think the Milgram experiments would go if they were replicated again today?

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Journal Article 3.3: Gallagher, A. (2014). Learning from Tuskegee: From moral outrage to integrative ethics. Nursing Ethics, 2(2), 125–126.

Questions that apply to this article:

1. How are elements of discrimination and hatred linked to research crimes?
2. How does the heritage of the Tuskegee experiments set the scene for Tuskegee University?
3. Give examples of other past research abuse on vulnerable populations.
4. How were these past research abuses rectified? How would you compare them to Tuskegee University in terms of ways to own up for past abuses?