After finishing this chapter, you should be able to:

12.1 Describe the conditions and attitudes influencing prison subcultures, identifying the five pains of imprisonment.

12.2 List the advantages and disadvantages of solitary confinement.

12.3 Identify and propose measures that can be used to control prison violence.

12.4 Discuss challenges faced by individuals who are incarcerated and prison staff.

12.5 Evaluate the methods through which successful reentry might be achieved.