9.1 Describe the evolution of democracy and the view and role of elections.
9.2 Explain the logic behind the paradox of voting and the varied patterns of voter turnout in democracies.
9.3 Identify the characteristics of a typical voter.
9.4 Differentiate between the various electoral systems used around the world and the pros and cons of each system with respect to political representation, governing efficiency, and voter-representative relationship.
9.5 Examine patterns of recent electoral system reforms around the world.
9.6 Discuss the functions of political parties, the types of political party systems, and the connection between electoral systems and political party systems.
9.7 Describe the roles that elections and political parties play in nondemocratic regimes.