Learning Objectives

13.1 Describe the four major routes to social change.

13.2 Explain the rise of the modern state and compare the three major perspectives for understanding the evolution of the state.

13.3 Describe the welfare state and its functions in society.

13.4 Define reparation programs and illustrate how they have been used.

13.5 Explain how the state involves the public and how the relationship between the state and citizens changes over time.