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Journal Article 1: Meyers, M. (2004). Crack mothers in the news: A narrative of paternalistic racism. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 28, 194–216.

Abstract: This article examines the ways in which a media focus on “crack mothers” worked to disenfranchise black mothers from their rights and their children.  Focusing on a newspaper series, the authors explore this phenomenon using both critical cultural studies and feminist theory.  They argue that race cannot be separated from gender and class, and thus media representations that do so are indeed operating from a paradigm of paternalistic racism.

Journal Article 2: Mouttapa, M., Watson, D., McCuller, W., Sussman, S., Weiss, J., Reiber, C., & . . . Tsai, W. (2009). I'm mad and I'm bad: Links between self-identification as a gangster, symptoms of anger, and alcohol use among minority juvenile offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(1) 71–82.

Abstract: This preliminary study examined whether anger and identification with the ‘‘gang member’’ peer group are associated with heavy alcohol use. Participants were 91 (53.8% male) juvenile offenders in four juvenile probation camps in Southern California who completed a self-report survey. More than half (53.4%) indicated that they best fit in with the ‘‘gang member’’ peer group.

Journal Article 3: Miller, K., Melnick, M., Farrell, M., Sabo, D., & Barnes, G. (n.d.). Jocks, gender, binge drinking, and adolescent violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(1) 105–120.

Abstract: Previous research has suggested a link between athletic involvement and elevated levels of adolescent violence outside the sport context. The present study expanded on this literature by positing differences in the sport-violence relationship across dimensions of athletic involvement (athletic participation vs. jock identity), type of violence (family vs. nonfamily), and gender as well as by examining the impact of binge drinking on the sport-violence relationship.