After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• 8.1 Describe the development of the federal bureaucracy over time.
• 8.2 Relate when the federal government grows most quickly, and why.
• 8.3 Explain the bureaucracy’s culture and the challenges it faces.
• 8.4 Identify the tools that Congress and the president use to control bureaucracies.
• 8.5 Discuss why red tape is often an important check on the operation of massive bureaucracies.