After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

 

1. Identify the four steps of hypothesis testing. 

 

2. Define null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, level of significance, test statistic, p value, and statistical significance.

 

3. Define Type I error and Type II error, and identify the type of error that researchers control.

 

4. Calculate the one-independent sample z test and interpret the results.

 

5. Distinguish between a one-tailed and two-tailed test, and explain why a Type III error is possible only with one-tailed tests.

 

6. Elucidate effect size and compute a Cohen’s d for the one-independent sample z test.

 

7. Define power and identify six factors that influence power.

 

   8. Summarize the results of a one-sample z test in American Psychological Association (APA) format.