Learning Objectives

8.1 Describe school-age children’s self-conceptions, self-evaluations, and motivation.
8.2 Examine the process of moral development in childhood, including children’s reasoning about fairness and justice.
8.3 Discuss gender differences, gender stereotypes and beliefs, and gender identity in middle childhood.
8.4 Analyze the role of friendship, peer acceptance, and peer victimization in school-age children’s adjustment.
8.5 Discuss family relationships in middle childhood and the relations among family structure and children’s adjustment.
8.6 Describe risks to children’s development and the role of resilience in promoting adjustment to adversity.