On completion of this chapter, students should be able to do the following:

1. Recognize the requirements for a good scientific theory

2. Understand and discuss the strengths and limitations of early theories

3. Explain the foundations of biological theories

4. Recognize the role of physiological factors in criminality

5. Evaluate the impact of prenatal and neonatal care on future delinquency

6. Understand and explain the focus of early varieties of physiological theories

7. Evaluate research relating to theories of causation

8. Describe the significance of combining preexisting theories to create integrated theories