1. Achievement of which milestones mark the transition to adulthood?

1. buying a car
2. having a family
3. buying a house
4. none of these; the transition to adulthood is gradual and not marked by a single factor

2. What are the first two stages of Levinson’s (1978) stage model for adult development?

1. transition phase, entering adult world phase
2. transition phase, settling down period
3. transition phase, age 30 transition phase
4. settling down period, age 30 transition phase

3. What are the final two phases of Levinson’s (1978) stage model for adult development?

1. transition phase, settling down period
2. age 30 transition phase, settling down period
3. transition phase, entering adult world phase
4. settling down period, age 30 transition phase

4. Social and emotional well-being in young adulthood can be affected by what?

1. establishing a career
2. establishing first serious relationships
3. increasing responsibility and independence
4. all of these

5. During early adulthood, which of the following begin to decline?

1. metabolism
2. dexterity
3. physical fitness
4. cognitive functioning

6. During early adulthood, which of the following are thought to be at their peak?

1. hearing high-pitched noises
2. metabolism
3. flexibility
4. reaction times

7. Schaie’s (1996) longitudinal study exploring the intelligence throughout the lifespan looked at five primary abilities. What did their results show?

1. modest decreases across most of the five areas of ability
2. modest gains across most of the five areas of ability
3. significant gains across most of the five areas of ability
4. significant decreases across most of the five areas of ability

8. What are some of the ‘crises’ affecting social and emotional well-being in middle adulthood?

1. physical signs of ageing
2. children growing up and leaving home
3. boredom with a chosen career
4. all of these

9. Leuner, Gould and Shors (2006) found that

1. new neurons can develop in certain parts of the brain throughout the lifespan
2. no new neurons develop after adolescence; the brain is static
3. neurons begin to die and are not replaced after adolescence
4. none of these

10. Fluid abilities such as short-term memory are

1. more susceptible than crystallized abilities to cognitive decline
2. less susceptible than crystallized abilities to cognitive decline
3. equally susceptible to cognitive decline as crystallized abilities
4. none of these

11. Fluid abilities include

1. information-processing ability
2. short-term memory ability
3. long-term memory ability
4. all of these

12. Crystallized abilities include the ability to use skills, knowledge and experience. These abilities tend to

1. improve with age as individuals expand their knowledge through experience
2. decline with age along with general cognitive function
3. stay static over time
4. none of these

13. The frontal lobe hypothesis is the theory that decline in frontal lobe functioning underlies general age-related cognitive ______?

1. improvements
2. stereotypes
3. decline
4. perceptual skills

14. When a participant is effectively inhibiting attention towards a distracting item, if that item is then deemed relevant in the next trial of the task, his/her response will typically be slowed. This is an example of what?

1. learning difficulties
2. negative priming
3. cognitive decline
4. fluid intelligence

15. Research on changes in the way cognitive skills develop or decline across the entire lifespan would need to use what type of research design?

1. cross sectional
2. longitudinal
3. observational
4. natural

16. Carstensen, Turan, Schiebe, Ram, Ersner-Hershfield et al. (2011) found that

1. positive emotional experiences decrease with age
2. positive emotional experiences increase with age
3. positive and negative experiences increase with age
4. positive experiences are higher in early adulthood than in late adulthood

17. Which of the following lifestyle factors are known to affect well-being positively in late adulthood?

1. mental and physical activity, nutrition
2. alcohol consumption and retiring early
3. drug consumption, mental and physical activity
4. none of these 

18. What does the term ‘population ageing’ mean?

1. the trend for the youngest age groups in society to grow faster than the oldest age groups
2. the trend for the middle-aged groups in society to grow faster than the oldest age groups
3. the trend for the oldest age groups in society to grow faster than the younger age groups
4. the trend for the youngest age groups in society to grow faster than the middle-aged groups

19. Carson et al. (2013) found that giving up smoking in later life

1. is pointless as the damage has already been done
2. tends to lead to a decrease in life expectancy
3. makes no significant difference to health outcomes
4. can add years to life expectancy

20. The concept of ‘grand-generativity’ refers to

1. the creation of large and significant projects that contribute to wider society
2. having grandchildren
3. people developing their abilities and transmitting knowledge and values to younger generations in later life
4. younger generations teaching those in older generations to understand new concepts relating to changes in the modern world

21. What are the five dimensions of Martin Seligman’s PERMA model?

1. Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment
2. Patience, Energy, Reasoning, Management, Acceptance
3. Polecat, Echidna, Rat, Mouse, Anteater
4. Placidity, Equitability, Resilience, Measurement, Adaptation