Learning Objectives

  • Review the definition of police effectiveness and how the measurement of police effectiveness has changed over the course of the three eras of American policing.
  • Identify and describe the general crime control strategies, including increasing police strength, routine preventive patro,; rapid response, and generalized arrest strategies (e.g., mandatory arrest).
  • Describe how proactive policing differs from general crime control strategies.
  • Assess the evidence of crime reduction for broken windows strategies.
  • Describe the different forms of community policing and whether they reduce crime or influence residents’ perceptions of crime.
  • Explain whether zero-tolerance policing is effective at reducing crime.
  • Contrast intelligence-led policing with predictive policing and rate their effectiveness in reducing crime.