9.1 Explain the use of descriptive statistics
9.2 Describe the steps of coding and data cleaning that are required to prepare for data analysis
9.3 Compare the instances when it is appropriate to use graphs to represent statistics to the instances when it is appropriate to use frequency distributions to represent statistics
9.4 Defend the inclusion of both measures of central tendency and measures of variation in data analysis
9.5 Describe the ways in which cross-tabular analyses can be used to examine the relationship between variables
9.6 Summarize the meaning of the correlation coefficient in a regression analysis
9.7 Describe why it is so easy (knowingly or unknowingly) to present misleading information in summary statistics