1. What term means the study of and policies related to the improvement of the human race via control of selective reproduction?

a. cytogenetics

b. ethnographics

c. racionology

d. eugenics

e. fascionics

2. What is the 19th-century study of the size of the brain/skull that posited that the bigger the brain, the more superior the person or race?

a. phrenology

b. physiognomy

c. craniometry

d. skullography

e. cerebrotology

3. What is the 19th-century study of various bumps on portions of the skull believed to reveal weaknesses in terms of certain cognitive or personality traits?

a. phrenology

b. physiognomy

c. craniometry

d. skullography

e. cerebrotology

1. Who is considered the father of criminology, as well as the father of the Positive School of criminological thought?

a. Beccaria

b. Binet

c. Lombroso

d. Sheldon

e. Hirschi

2. What did the father of Criminology say was a way to identify the most dangerous, chronic criminals?

a. having bad parents

b. being poor

c. having delinquent peers

d. stigmata

e. having weak ties to conventional society

3. What does the Positive School of criminology assume that clearly distinguishes it from the Classical School of criminology?

a. free will/free choice

b. rational decision-making in choosing behavior

c. determinism

d. hedonism

e. utilitarianism

1. According to the text, which theorist invented IQ testing in France in the early 1900s?

a. Lombroso

b. Binet

c. Goddard

d. Sheldon

e. Hirschi

2. According to the text, which theorist was one of the key proponents of IQ testing in the United States in the early 1900s and had his research team identify “feeble-minded” persons at New York’s Ellis Island?

a. Lombroso

b. Binet

c. Goddard

d. Sheldon

e. Hirschi

3. According to the text, which level of “feeble-mindedness” was considered the biggest threat to society, because it was the closest to average intelligence?

a. moron

b. idiot

c. imbecile

d. stupid

e. retarded

4. According to the text, what U.S. Supreme Court case (decided in 1927) ruled it constitutional for individuals to be sterilized based on IQ scores?

a. Miranda v. Arizona

b. Buck v. Bell

c. Mapp v. Ohio

d. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

e. Breed v. Jones

1. According to the text, which theorist developed the most prominent theory on body types, known as somatotyping?

a. Lombroso

b. Binet

c. Goddard

d. Sheldon

e. Hirschi

2. According to the text, which body type is a muscular/athletic build and the most likely among individuals who tend to be delinquent or criminal?

a. ectomorphic

b. endomorphic

c. mesomorphic

d. klectomorphic

e. candomorphic

3. According to the text, which type of personality is correlated with an ectomorphic body type?

a. jolly/happy-go-lucky

b. aggressive/extroverted

c. shy/introverted

d. none of these