Learning Objectives

7.1 Compare habituation and sensitization and explain why these processes are examples of learning.
7.2 Explain how the basic elements of classical conditioning solve the problem of learning about signals, and then describe the processes by which this form of conditioning develops in different situations.
7.3 Describe the differences between reinforcement and punishment, both their positive and negative forms, and identify the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior.
7.4 Define observational learning and describe its adaptive value.
7.5 For each of the major sections of the chapter, summarize how learning processes help us adapt to the world we live in.