Click on the following links. Please note these will open in a new window.

Video

1. Identify the Sources of Speechmaking Anxiety/Using Cognitive Restructuring to Alleviate the Symptoms of Speech Apprehension 
   “How to Make Stress Your Friend”  
   Once we stop believing that stress is bad for us, we can refocus its energy into something positive.  This psychologist urges her audience to learn how to reach out to other people.
    
2. Conquering Speech Anxiety 
   “10 Tips for Overcoming Public Speaking and Presentation Anxiety” 
   Description:  The speaker injects some humorous elements in dealing with this serious issue.
    
3. Prepare Thoroughly and Rehearse 
   “Public Speaking: Giving a Great Speech: Public Speaking Tips: Practice & Preparation” 
   The speaker emphasizes the importance of practicing and preparing for speeches. 

Audio

1. Public Speaking Anxiety  
   “How to Resolve Public Speaking Anxiety”   
   Description:  Listen to various account of how successful people overcame their public speaking anxieties. 
    
2. Analyze This:  the Opening Monologue 
   “Best Film Speeches and Monologues” 
    Listening to these famous monologues in film, students can identify elements that make these speeches so memorable.  How can the successes of these speeches apply to student performance as a speaker? 

Web Resources

1. Identify the Sources of Speechmaking Anxiety  
   “5 Tips for Reducing Public Speaking Nervousness” 
   Preston Ni lists 5 tried-and-true tips to reduce public speaking nervousness. 
    
2. Identify Speechmaking Benefits 
   “The Benefits of Public Speaking” 
   The questions at the end of this piece highlighting how public speaking will benefit one’s professional and personal goals provide an excellent homework assignment.
    
3. Address the Physical Effects of Speech Anxiety 
   “How Anxiety Can Affect Speech Patterns”  
   The piece highlights different types of anxiety that affect speechmaking and lists specific ways to overcome them.
    
4. Understanding Public Speaking Anxiety 
   “5 Secrets to Looking Confident While Speaking in Public” 
   Description:  Nikki Stone offers 5 suggestions to help one appear confident while giving speeches.

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Video

1. Topic Selection:  Consider Your Audience and the Occasion 
   “Finding Speech Topics” 
   A speech filled with lots of tips for choosing a speech topic, considering the type of speech and the audience.
    
2. Outline Your Speech 
   “How To Write a Speech Outline” 
   The presentation features a step-by-step process of making an outline.
    
3. Develop the Body of the Speech 
   “How to Write a Speech:  Speech Body”
   The lecturer outlines the three parts describing three main areas of the topic.

Audio

1. Topic Selection 
   “Choosing an Informative Speech Topic” 
   An all-encompassing lecture on how to choose an informative speech topic, including unsuccessful topics and why they don’t work. 
    
2. Outline 
   “How to Make an Outline for Your Speech” 
   Two cartoon characters discuss making an outline, so although their mouths move, it’s actually only an audio discussion about outline making.
    
3. Topic Selection 
   “A Speech Outline for Better Speaking:  Media and Presentation Skills” 
   The lecturer provides an easy-to-follow description of outlining and presenting your speech.

Web Resources

1. Compose A Thesis Statement 
   “Developing Your Thesis” 
   The article describes how to craft a speech thesis statement.
    
2. Organize Your Speech Indicating Transitions 
   “Make Your Next Speech like Butter” 
   25 transition words and phrases that help your speech to flow.
    
3. Consider Presentation Aids
   “Presentation Aids” 
   A comprehensive list and explanation of presentation aids that will enhance any speech.

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Video

1. Assess Your Understanding of Cultural Diversity 
   “The Value of Communication in Cross-Cultural Situations” 
   Description:  Students produced their own video documenting cultural insensitivity. 
    
2. Ethnocentrism 
   “How to Improve Intercultural Sensitivity:  Overcome Ethnocentrism Through Avoiding Assumptions” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains the basis of ethnocentric assumptions.
    
3. Ethical Speechmaking 
   “Ethics and Communication” 
   Description:  The speaker discusses fallacies, ethics, and speechmaking.

Audio

1. Cultural Identity 
   “The Quest for Cultural Authenticity and the Politics of Identity” 
   Description:  The lecturer covers issues of authenticity in culture and the resistance of cultural invasion.  The themes are explored within the framework of religion, national culture, sexuality, music, and cuisine.
    
2. Critical Thinking 
   “Improve Your Study Skills: Critical Thinking” 
   Description:  The speaker discusses critical/creative thinking and how to apply it to problems.
    
3. Topic Selection 
   “A Speech Outline for Better Speaking:  Media and Presentation Skills” 
   Description:  The lecturer provides an easy-to-follow description of outlining and presenting your speech.

Web Resources

1. 1.Hold Yourself Accountable 
   “Recognizing and Avoiding Plagiarism” 
   Description:  This Cornell University series of exercises helps students understand what plagiarism is and how to keep from plagiarizing. 
    
2. Consider Learning Styles 
   “What’s Your Learning Style?  20 Questions” 
   Description:  This fun survey helps students recognize their learning style and its implications for student success. 
    
3. Commit to Thinking Critically 
   “Critical Thinking I:  Strategies for Critical Thinking in Learning and Project Management” 
   Description:  The exercise will help students apply a critical thinking approach to the development and understanding of topics.

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Video

1. Respond With Constructive Criticism 
   “How to Give Constructive Criticism” 
   Description:  The speaker shares 8 points in giving constructive criticism.
    
2. Analyze Your Listening Skills 
   “How to Listen Better:  Evaluating and Critically Listening” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how critical listeners prepare to listen.
    
3. The Ability to Listen Critically 
   “Julian Treasure:  5 Ways to Listen Better” 
   Description:  In this short, valuable and arresting TED talk, Treasure shares five ways to re-tune your ears for conscious listening to both other people and the world around you.

Audio

1. Taking Notes 
   “Consecutive Note-Taking-Part I” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains the connection between memory, meaning, and note-taking and helps the listeners learn to focus on note-taking skills.. 
    
2. Approach the Speaker’s Stand 
   “Communication Steroids Podcast:  Avoiding Vagueness” 
   Description:  The podcast humorously discusses the dangers in using vague buzzwords and jargon that obscure your meaning while negatively affecting the audience.
    
3. Ethnocentrism 
   “Ethnocentrism” 
   Description:  A Black Eyed Peas song “Where is the Love” accompanies ethnocentrism pop ups and arresting photographs to explain the dangers of ethnocentrism.

Web Resources

1. The Six Stages of the Listening Process Explained 
   “Stages of the Listening Process Explained” 
   Description:  This explanation explores in depth the stages as outlined in the chapter.
    
2. The Four Types of Listening: Type 2: Empathic 
   “Empathic Listening” 
   Description:  This detailed article explains empathic listening, its benefits, and guidelines.
    
3. Problem Listening Behaviors 
   “Barriers to Effective Listening” 
   Description:  The exercise illuminates faulty listening behavior, delineates common barriers to listening, and ends with non-verbal and other signs of ineffective listening.

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Video

1. Audience Analysis 
   “Conduct an Audience Analysis:  Preparing for a Public Speech of Presentation” 
   Description:  A helpful reminder about the necessity of analyzing one’s audience before choosing a topic.
    
2. Understand Values, Beliefs, and Attitudes 
   “Defining Values Attitudes and Beliefs” 
   Description:  The speaker points out how our values, beliefs, and attitudes are like lenses through which we see and understand the world.  Using exercises for the viewers, the speaker illustrates how values, attitudes, and beliefs lead to bias, prejudice, and discrimination.
    
3. Reflect Audience Demographics 
   “Public Speaking-Audience Demographics” 
   Description:  These students interview college classmates to ascertain demographics.
    
4. Audience Analysis 
   “Refreshing Your Presentation Skills-02 Audience Analysis” 
   Description:  The speaker outlines the three questions every presenter must consider:  Who is my audience?  What’s in it for them? How much do they know? How much do they need to know? And “What may be the possible questions the audience might ask?

Audio

1. The Questionnaire 
   “How to Write a Survey or Questionnaire” 
   Description:  The audio link explains how to write a questionnaire so that you cover every possibility while avoiding being misunderstood.
    
2. What Do You Know about Audience Demographics and Psychographics 
   “Audience Demographics and Psychographics” 
   Description:  A brief overview of these two concepts.
    
3. Audience Analysis 
   “Audience Analysis” 
   Description:  A Black Eyed Peas song “Where is the Love” accompanies ethnocentrism pop ups and arresting photographs to explain the dangers of ethnocentrism.

Web Resources

1. Compose a Demographic Snapshot 
   “The Benefits of Understanding Your Audience” 
   Description:  This article explains audience demographics, includes tips for analysis and a quiz that students can take to assess comprehension.
    
2. Consider the Speaking Situation 
   “Speaking in the Disciplines” 
   Description:  This description focuses first and foremost on approaching the speaking situation, considering audience, occasion, and purpose.
    
3. Be Audience-Centered 
   “Audience Centered Speaking” 
   Description:  This presentation emphasizes how being audience-centered means putting the audience at the center of your presentation and explains how to do just that.

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Video

1. Formulate a Topic 
   “How to Select a Public Speaking Topic” 
   Description:  The link includes a mind mapping video.
    
2. Draw a Mind Map 
   “Draw Your Mind Map” 
   Description:  Although most mind maps are simply words, students may enjoy the idea of drawing topics in a mind map exercise to generate speech topics.
    
3. Brainstorming Techniques 
   “Brainstorming Topics for Informative Speeches” 
   Description:  The speaker demonstrates the process of brainstorming for informative speech topics.

Audio

1. Develop an Effective Specific Purpose Statement 
   “Purpose and Thesis Statements in Speeches” 
   Description:  The presentation defines purpose and thesis statements, describing how they differ.  The thesis statement appears in the introduction.
    
2. Formulate a Behavioral Objective for Audience Members 
   “Topic, General Purpose, and Behavioral Objective for Informative Speech” 
   Description:  The lecture provides an overview of selecting your topic, identifying your general purpose and developing the  behavioral objective.
    
3. Formulate the specific Purpose 
   “Determine and Write the Specific Purpose Statement” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains how to write a specific purpose statement.

Web Resources

1. Brainstorming 
   “Choosing a Topic” 
   Description:  The reading discusses choosing a speech topic, brainstorming to generate many ideas, and then distilling he ideas to find a focused topic.
    
2. Create an Effective Thesis 
   “Developing Your Thesis” 
   Description:  All speeches must have a thesis statement: the main argument.  This passage describes thesis formation.
    
3. Formulate the Specific Purpose 
   “Formulating the Specific Purpose Statement” 
   Description:  This presentation includes the step-0by-step process in creating the specific purpose for your speech.  Examples of effective and  and ineffective specific purpose statements highlight this reading.

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Video 

1. Conduct the Interview 
   “Interviewing for Research Projects:  Research Projects:  Record Keeping During Interviews” 
   Description:  The lecturer stresses the importance of keeping accurate records during interviews.  She includes tips for taking accurate notes.
    
2. Demonstrate the Value of Researching online 
   “Researching Online for College Students:  Five Easy Steps” 
   Description:  The video briefly addresses evaluating web sites in order to determine their suitability for academia.
    
3. Use Newsgroups 
   “Giganews-How to Search Newsgroups” 
   Description:  This video explains what a newsgroup is and how to find them. 

Audio

1. Online Sources 
   “Evaluating Online Resources” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains which sources are scholarly, reliable, and useful.  Peer-reviewed journals and reviewed journals are discussed.
    
2. Consider Blogs 
   “What is a Blog” 
   Description:  This video is an introduction to blogging and includes a brief overview of blogging and how to participate.
    
3. Weigh the Usefulness of Wikis 
   “Wikis in Plain English”
   Description:  In order to assess the usefulness of Wikis, one must first understand what a Wiki is.  This description explains how Wikis work.
    
4. Do Library Based Research 
   “Using the Internet for Research vs. Using Library Resources” 
   Description:  This thorough lecture contrasts research using library resources with research done over the Internet.

Web Resources

1. Prepare for the Interviews 
   “How to Interview Someone” 
   Description:  The slides include 14 best practices for interviewing.
    
2. Use Primary Research/Gather Secondary Research 
   “Incorporating Primary and Secondary Sources” 
   Description:  This brief article presents an overview of research, both primary and secondary.
    
3. Quick guide to Citations 
   “Comparing MLA and APA Citation Styles” 
   Description:  This site presents both an explanation of how the styles differ as well as actual examples of each.

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Video

1. Hypothetical Examples 
   “Using hypothetical Examples” 
   Description:  Watch a speech that begins with a hypothetical example effectively.
    
2. Assess If Your Definitions Have Power 
   “How Do You Define Yourself” 
   Description:  Watch this effective speech that defines her condition.
    
3. Use Analogies 
   “Communication & Presentation Skills-The Power of Analogies” 
   Description:  The speaker demonstrates four examples of how to use analogies to improve your presentation skills.

Audio

1. Citing Sources in Your Speech 
   “Citing Sources in Your Speech” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains how to cite sources and why you must do so.
    
2. Present Statistics Visually 
   “How to Avoid Boring Statistics in Presentations” 
   Description:  Statistics and data are often presented in a dull and boring way.  The clip explains how to make your statistics more engaging for the audience.
    
3. Use Testimony 
   “Seth Rogen Opening Statement” 
   Description:  Famous actor, Seth Rogen, testifies before Congress using lay and expert testimony. 

Web Resources

1. Use and Assess the Effectiveness of Testimony 
   “How to Incorporate Expert Testimony” 
   Description:  Expert testimony can be incorporated into your speech after introducing a point of your argument.
    
2. Use Analogies 
   “Analogies” 
   Description:  This article explains what analogies are and how to use them to strengthen your speeches.
    
3. Integrating Support 
   “Support Material” 
   Description:  This site presents both an explanation of support material as well as using support material effectively.  Examples from speeches are featured.  There are several links on the site to other topics covered in the chapter.
    
4. Integrating Support  
   “Types of Informative Speeches” 
   Description:  This article explains the four types of informative speeches:  definition, explanation, description, and demonstrative.

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Video

1. Time Order:  It’s Chronological 
   “Prepare and Give a How-To Speech in chronological Order” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains that a how-to speech should be given in chronological order.  The speech includes some tips.
    
2. Problem-Solution Order 
   “Sample Speech to Persuade-Problem/Solution Design” 
   Description:  Watch a student’s speech that makes a problem statement, provides support that the problem exists, suggests several solution, and then tells specifically what he believes is the solution.
    
3. Cause-and-Effect Order 
   “Informative Speech:  The Causes of Homelessness” 
   Description:  This award-winning speech discusses the causes and effects of homelessness. 

Audio

1. Understanding Speech Organization 
   “Speech Organization:  Importance to Speaker and Audience” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains why speech organization is critical in speechwriting and delivery. 
    
2. Cause-and-Effect Order:  It’s Relational 
   “Cause and Effect Explanation” 
   Description:  This lecture explains the meaning of cause and effect.
    
3. Understanding Speech Organization 
   “Speech Organization” 
   Description:  The lecturer first gives a general lecture about the benefits of organizing a speech and then highlights the different formats covered in the chapter.

Web Resources

1. Time Order:  It’s Chronological 
   “Chronological Speech Outline Template” 
   Description:  The article includes speech outline templates for arranging a speech in chronological order.
    
2. Topical Order:  It’s Part of the Whole 
   “Topical Speech Outline Sample Tactics Uncovered” 
   Description:  This article explains the topical speaking format structure with examples.
    
3. Contemplate Cultural Perspectives 
   “Speaking to a Global Audience” 
   Description:  This article raises awareness of speaking to a global audience. 

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Video

1. Create and Outline That Works For You 
   “How to Write a Speech Outline” 
   Description:  The lecturer briefly explains the main points of a speech outline.
    
2. Practice Speaking with Your Outline 
   “How to Practice for a Speech:  Practicing Speeches:  Study Outline” 
   Description:  The speaker stresses, in brief, the necessity of reading over your outlines multiple times so that your speech will flow successfully.
    
3. Use Signposts 
   “Presentation Skills Tip – Signposting” 
   Description:  This speaker presents using signposts on either side of your pauses. 

Audio 

1. Mind/Concept Map 
   “How to Mind Map” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains how to mind map with a simple step-by-step guide.

2. Practice Speaking with Your Outline 
   “How to Practice for a Speech:  Practice Speeches:  Study Outline” 
   Description:  This lecture emphasizes the importance of reading over your outline multiple times so that your practice time is profitable.
    
3. Create and Outline That Works For You 
   “Using the Online Format in Word” 
   Description:  This tutorial demonstrates setting up a speech outline in MS Word.

Web Resources

1. Outlining Your Speech 
   “Organizing and Outlining the Speech” 
   Description:  The article highlights best practices for organizing notes and research into one speech.
    
2. Use Transitions 
   “25 Transitional Phrases That Will Make Your Next Speech Like butter”
   Description:  This post lists transitional phrases what will help your speech glide from point to point. 
    
3. Practice Speaking With Your Outline 
   “Why Outline?” 
   Description:  This chapter delineates how outlines help maintain the speech focus, organize the message and enable you to deliver your speech effectively. 

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Video

1. Introducing Your Speech 
   “4 Keys to a Killer Speech Introduction” 
   Description:  The lecturer explains how to succeed with an introduction.
    
2. Establish Topic Credibility 
   “How to Write a Speech:  Credibility in a Speech” 
   Description:  The speaker gives some tips on establishing credibility which is important to gain the audience’s trust and attention. 
    
3. Get Your Audience’s Attention:  Use Humor 
   “Don’t Start Your Speech By Telling a Joke”
   Description:  This speaker tells how to being a speech with humor without telling a joke. 

Audio

1. Build Your Credibility 
   How to Write a Speech:  Credibility in a Speech 
   Description:  Establish credibility with tips on how to gain the audience’s trust and attention.
    
2. Get Your Audience’s Attention 
   “How to Start a Presentation & Get The Audience’s Attention” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how to start a presentation and get the audience’s attention and curiosity to make a great impression and engage the audience.
    
3. Involve the Audience 
   “How to Open a Speech or Presentation” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how to involve the audience in the first 7 seconds by asking a question.

Web Resources

1. Introducing Your Speech 
   “How to Start a Speech-12 Foolproof Ways to Grab Your Audience” 
   Description:  The article lists a variety of ways to begin your speech successfully.
    
2. Use Humor 
   “The Art of Using Humor in Public Speaking” 
   Description:  This text includes 8 chapters detailing how to incorporate humor in speeches.
    
3. Avoid These Common Introductory Bloopers 
   “What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Starting Your Speech?” 
   Description:  This article features 10 tops explaining how NOT to start a speech and what to do instead. 

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Video 

1. Concluding Your Speech 
   “How To End Your Speech (3 excellent closings) 
   Description:  The speaker describes three effective ways to conclude a speech, followed by examples of closings from real speeches.
    
2. Restate the Central idea or Thesis 
   “How to Write a Speech:  Speech Conclusion” 
   Description:  The speaker gives some tips on establishing credibility which is important to gain the audience’s trust and attention. 
    
3. Achieve Closure 
   How to Write a Speech:  Speech Closing Technique 
   Description:  Since your closing determines whether you achieve the goal of your speech or not, this presentation presents an effective technique:  The Dialogue Close

Audio 

1. Concluding Your speech  
   “Concluding A Speech”  
   Description:  The speaker explains the purposes conclusions serve and how to conclude a speech.

2. Concluding Your Speech 
   “Beginning and Ending a Speech” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how to begin a speech and how to conclude one, including important tips.
    
3. Concluding Your Speech 
   “Concluding Your Speech” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how to write an effective conclusion.

Web Resources

1. Concluding Your Speech 
   Toastmasters International:  “Concluding Your Speech” 
   Description:  The very detailed article covers the essentials for concluding a speech.
    
2. Ending Strong 
   “10 Ways to End Your Speech with a Bang” 
   Description:  This article shows how to close a speech with a bang. 
    
3. Restate the Central Idea of Thesis 
   Summarize and Wrap Up 
   Description:  This article focuses on the importance of restating the thesis and reviewing the main ideas in the conclusion.

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Video

1. Use Plain Language  
   Introduction to Plain Language  
   Description:  Listen to a humorous take on why using plain language helps your audience understand what you’re trying to say. 
    
2. Overcome Communication Obstacles 
   “Teaching Connotation and Denotation” 
   Description:  This video with words added can teach connotation and denotation.
    
3. Use Plain, Unbiased Language 
   “Clear and Concise: Encouraging Better Communication” 
   Description:  This interview features the Chair of the Center for Plain Language that encourages better communication through plain language.

Audio

1. Use Plain Language 
   “Essentials of Plain Language” 
   Description:  The speaker provides techniques for writing and speaking in plain language. 
    
2. Use Words to Connect 
   “Overused Words-Connecting with an Audience That’s Heard it All” 
   Description:  The speaker  emphasizes the necessity of choosing one’s words wisely.
    
3. Use Figures of Speech 
   “Rhetorical Devices”  
   Description:  The speaker explains several figures of speech to use, including parallelism.

Web Resources

1. Overcome Communication Obstacles 
   “Connotation and Denotation” 
   Description:  The articles explains the differences, using examples, of in the denotative and connotative meaning of words.
    
2. Overcome Communication Obstacles 
   “Inductive and Deductive Reasoning” 
   Description:  This article explains the differences between a word’s inductive and deductive meanings.
    
3. Confront the Issue of Political Correctness 
   “Political Correctness” 
   Description:  This article focuses on the meaning of politically correct and politically incorrect, explaining its usage from the 20th century until now.

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Video 

1. Impromptu Speaking  
   Impromptu Speaking 
   Description:  This presentation teaches how to confidently speak when you’re put on the spot to speak without preparation time.
    
2. Manuscript Reading 
   “Choosing a Speech Delivery Method:  Manuscript Speaking” 
   Description:  The instructor explains how to outline a manuscript speech.
    
3. Work on Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery 
   Public Speaking Tips:  Body Language 
   Description:  This presentation explains how body language in speeches makes a big impression on the audience.  She includes tips to improve your body language.

Audio

1. Refine, Practice, and Refine 
   “Speech Rehearsal:  Importance and Process” 
   Description:  Speech rehearsal is as important as writing the speech. This audio link emphasizes  the importance of rehearsal and  follows with some presentation tips.
    
2. Styles of Delivery 
   “Four Types of Speech Delivery:  Impromptu, Extemporaneous, Manuscript & Memorized” 
   Description:  The speaker  discusses which type of speech delivery is appropriate for each circumstance.
    
3. Impromptu Speaking 
   “Impromptu Speaking:  how to Be Prepared Without Preparing in Impromptu Speaking” 
   Description:  The speaker explains how to be prepared without preparing.

Web Resources

1. Manuscript Reading 
   “Manuscript Speaking” 
   Description:  The brief article outlines how to make a manuscript speech a success.
    
2. Impromptu Speaking
3. “Impromptu Speech with Little or No Time To Prepare” 
   Description:  This article includes tips to avoid panic and embarrassment when asked to speak without notice.
    
4. Speaking from Memory 
   “Speaking from Memory” 
   Description:  This article highlights how to deliver a speech from memory so that you appear natural and relatable to the audience.

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Video 

1. Be Aware of Dialects and Regionalisms 
   “Don’t Mistake a Dialect for a Disorder” 
   Description:  This speaker traces the history of the African-American dialect and its connotation.
    
2. Watch Articulation and Pronunciation 
   “American Accent-Articulation Exercises” 
   Description:  The instructor demonstrates exercises for non-native speakers to help them speak English clarity and confidence.
    
3. Using Your Voice 
   “Public Speaking Tips:  How to Use Your Voice in Public Speaking” 
   Description:  This speaker explains how to use your voice effectively in public speaking.
    
4. Consider Cultural Adaptations 
   “Cross-Cultural Nonverbal Communication” 
   Description:  This presentation explores the variance and meaning of nonverbal communication and cues across cultures.

Audio

1. Use Silent Pauses 
   “Using Pauses and Silence” 
   Description:  The speaker introduces the idea that the pause, or moment of silence, can work effectively in speeches to help speakers slow down.
    
2. Consider the Effects of Stereotyping 
   “Media Effects - Stereotypes” 
   Description:  This audio-produced audio link explores the impact of media stereotypes.
    
3. Vary Pitch 
   “Speaking:  The Proper Use of Pitch for Your Speaking Voice” 
   Description:  The speaker explains that setting your voice at its best pitch range will really help make sure that your voice sounds genuine and artificial.

Web Resources

1. Vary Pitch 
   “Pitch” 
   Description:  The article defines speech and how pitch changes can change the meaning of sentences.
    
2. Adjust Volume 
   “Volume” 
   Description:  The article lists methods of using volume to deliver your speech effectively.
    
3. Avoid Verbal Fillers 
   “How to Stop Saying Um, Uh, and Other Filler Words” 
   Description:  This article offers suggestions of how to avoid using filler words that pop up in your speech.

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Video

1. Decide Where You’ll Speak From 
   “How to Use a Podium or Not Use a Podium:  Nonverbal Speech Barriers and Public Speaking” 
   Description:  Using a podium can put a barrier between you and your audience.
    
2. Use Facial Expressions and Eye Contact  
   “Public Speaking Tips:  Eye Contact” 
   Description:  Great public speakers make eye contact in order to connect with the audience.
    
3. Remember, Posture Matters 
   “Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are” 
   Description:  This TED talk discusses how body language affects how others see us, but it may also change how we see ourselves.

Audio

1. Know Your Gestures 
   “The Importance of Gestures in the Art of Public Speaking” 
   Description:  Gestures play a large role in engaging your audience and keeping them interested in what you have to say.  The audio like explains different facets surrounding how to use gestures properly.
    
2. Approach the Audience with Confidence 
   “Be a More Confident Public Speaker” 
   Description:  This podcast presents a Triple P method that will help your public speaking confidence.
    
3. Coordinate Your Body Language with Confidence 
   “Secrets of Body Language” 
   Description:  Body language known as kinesics is a significant aspect of communication.

Web Resources

1. Remember, Posture Matters 
   “Posture During an Oral Presentation” 
   Description:audience.
    
2. Using Your Body 
   “Gestures: Your Body Speaks” 
   Description:  This chapter explains how to use your body effectively in speechmaking.
    
3. Use Eye Contact” 
   “Using Eye Contact to Connect With Your Presentation Audience” 
   Description:  Making eye contact keeps the audience attentive to you and your message.

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Video

1. Select the Best, Save the Best  
   “5 Tips for Using Presentation Aids  
   Description:  The video discusses 5 key points for using presentation aids in speeches.
    
2. Use Presentation Aids Strategically 
   “Power Point Presentations”
   Description:  The speaker urges speakers to avoid 9 common presentation mistakes.
    
3. The Right Way to Work With Presentation Aids 
   “How to Use Visual Aids in Your Presentations” 
   Description:  Here’s a brief reminder of the role presentation aids play in speeches.

Audio

1. Using Presentation Aids 
   “Designing Effective Visual Aids for Presentations” 
   Description:  This tutorial shows the dos and don’ts of putting together visual aids for presentations.
    
2. Using Presentation Aids During Your Speech 
   “Using visual Aids Part I” 
   Description:  The presenters discuss why and how to use visual aids.
    
3. Designing the Look 
   “Presentations:  Designing Effective Visual Aids” 
   Description:  This audio link presents how to design effective PowerPoint presentations.

Web Resources

1. Use Presentation Aids Strategically 
   “Presentation Aids” 
   Description:  This article summarizes the various -kinds of presentation aids, why use them, and includes tips for using them.
    
2. Presentation Software 
   “Presentation & visual Aids:  What, Why, How & Software” 
   Description:  This article summarizes the various types of software available for use in speeches.
    
3. Get the Most From Your Presentation Aids 
   “Using visual Aids:  Being Strategic and Smart” 
   Description:  This textbook chapter provides guidelines for selecting, designing, and presenting various types of visual aids.

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Video

1. Speaking to Inform 
   “How to Write an Informative Speech” 
   Description:  The speaker explains three goals for informative speeches and five steps to organizing an informative speech.
    
2. Achieving Informative Speaking Goals 
   “Types of Informative Speeches” 
   Description:  The speaker explains different types of informative speaking.
    
3. Be Memorable 
   “Informative Speech Topics” 
   Description:  The speaker urges presenters to pick informative speech topics that are meaningful ones that the presenter knows something about.

Audio

1. Speaking to Inform 
   “Patterns of Organization for Informative Speeches” 
   Description:  This tutorial describes the pattern or organization one can use in an informative speech, depending on the topic.
    
2. Achieving Informative Speaking Goals 
   “How to Choose an Informative Speech Topic” 
   Description:  The speaker presents basic guidelines in selecting an informative topic.
    
3. Speaking to Inform 
   “Basics of Informative Speaking” 
   Description:  This speaker covers the basics of informative speaking.

Web Resources

1. Speaking to Inform 
   “Speaking to Inform” 
   Description:This article contains five speaking projects: organizing an informational speech, tailoring your speech to the audience, conducting a demonstration, presenting a report, and delivering a speech about an abstract subject.
    
2. Speaking of People 
   “How to Write an Informative Speech About a Person” 
   Description:  This article includes tips for writing an informative speech about a person.
    
3. Speeches About Processes and Procedures 
   “Process Demonstrations Speeches” 
   Description:  This PowerPoint walks a student through the creation of a process demonstration speech.

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Video

1. Goals and Purposes of Persuasive Speeches  
   “Types of Persuasion for Speeches:  Goals in Persuasive Speeches”  
   Description:  The speaker explains how to evaluate the goals of your persuasive speech.
    
2. Persuasion Preparation  
   “The First Step in Preparing a Persuasive Speech” 
   Description:  The speaker explains the preparatory stages in preparing a persuasive speech.
    
3. Integrate Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values 
   “Beliefs Values Attitudes” 
   Description:The speaker explains that our lives are often a direct consequence of the beliefs we hold, the values we  create, and the attitudes that we adopt.

Audio

1. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence 
   “Monroe’s Motivated Sequence” 
   Description:  The five steps of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence are highlighted in this detailed audio link.
    
2. Define Persuasion 
   “Techniques of Persuasion” 
   Description:  The goal of most media messages is to persuade the audience to believe or do something.
    
3. Preparing to Persuade 
   "3 Persuasion Skills To Help You Persuade Anyone Effectively” 
   Description:  The speaker highlights some powerful ways to persuade and influence people effectively.

Web Resources 

1. Preparing to Persuade 
   “Organizing Persuasive Speeches” 
   Description:  This article explains, among other persuasive organizational patterns, Monroe’s motivated sequence.
    
2. Goals and Purposes of Persuasive Speech 
   “Lecture Notes:  Persuasive Speech Unit” 
   Description:  This unit contrasts informative and persuasive speaking and outlines patterns of organization for persuasive speaking.
    
3. Persuasion Preparation 
   “Giving a Persuasive Speech” 
   Description:  This guide covers the three steps to preparing and delivering a persuasive speech.

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Video

1. Persuasive Speaking Tips 
   Use Evidence 
   Description:  The speaker offers tips for using evidence in your persuasive speech.                                                                                                                                  
    
2. Arouse Emotions 
   “Emotional Persuasive Speech Styles” 
   Description: The speaker explains how to use emotions in persuasive speaking.
    
3. How to Build Persuasive Credibility 
   “Persuasion Matters:  3 Realms of Credibility” 
   Description:The speaker explains why credibility isTough to build and easy to lose and  ranks as one of the primary characteristics of a successful and persuasive message.

Audio

1. Appeal to Reason 
   “Logic:  Persuasion Through Logic and Evidence” 
   Description:  The speaker discusses types of evidence to use in persuasive speaking and addresses common fallacies.
    
2. How to Avoid Fallacies 
   “Reasoning Fallacies” 
   Description:  The audio link addresses commonly used fallacies and how to avoid them.
    
3. Avoid the Slippery Slope 
   “Slippery Slope Fallacy” 
   Description:  Listen to a rather humorous example of the slippery slope fallacy.

Web Resources

1. Deductive/Inductive Reasoning 
   “Different Lines of Reasoning” 
   Description:  This article explains two different lines of reasoning—inductive and deductive—and how to consciously make sense of observations and reason with the audience.
    
2. How to Avoid Fallacies 
   “Speaking Ethically and Avoiding Fallacies” 
   Description:  This unit provides examples of eight common fallacies used in persuasive speaking.
    
3. Think small to Avoid a Big Fall 
   “Know Your Audience” 
   Description:  Knowing your audience helps while crafting expectations.

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Video

1. The Panel Discussion 
   “How to Moderate a Panel Discussion: Definition of a Panel? 
   Description:  The speaker explains what a panel is and what it is not.                                                                                                                                  
    
2. How to Prepare as a Group 
   “Public Speaking for Group Presentations” 
   Description: This presentation covers the basics for group presentations through individual modules.
    
3. Use Brainstorming to Facilitate Group Problem Solving 
   “Group Problem solving and Brainstorming” 
   Description: The leader encourages a group of students to analyze how they solve problems through brainstorming.

Audio

1. Leadership Defined 
   “A Definition of Leadership” 
   Description:  The speaker explains that leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal." 
    
2. Use the Reflective Thinking Sequence 
   “Reflective Thinking Sequence” 
   Description:  The speaker explains this seven-step approach to problem solving.
    
3. Planning and Presenting in a Group 
   “Planning, Organizing, and Presenting Small Group Oral Presentations” 
   Description:  This lecture covers the necessary stages in planning, organizing, and presenting in small groups.

Web Resources

1. The Oral Group Report 
   “Group Oral Presentation Rubric” 
   Description:  This rubric delineates the guidelines of the most successful to the least successful group oral presentation.   
    
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Work 
   “Responsibilities in Group Work” 
   Description:  This article describes the typical roles and responsibilities of group members.
    
3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Work 
   “Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Work in a Classroom Situation” 
   Description:  The articles explains both the advantages and disadvantages of group work.
    
4. Solving Problems in a  Group 
   “Concept Mapping as a Tool for Group Problem Solving” 
   Description:  This animated presentation focuses on how groups can employ the technique as a tool for collaborative planning and problem solving.

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Video

1. The Commencement Address 
   “You Are Not Special Commencement Speech” 
   Description:  This high school commencement address has been viewed almost two and a half million times.                                                                                                                                  
    
2. The Eulogy 
   “How to Give an Epic Eulogy” 
   Description: The speaker gives tips when speaking to remember another life.
    
3. The Speech of Acceptance
   “Will Ferrell Hilarious Acceptance Speech At The Mark Twain Comedy Award 2011” 
   Description: The speaker does certainly entertain his audience with this acceptance speech.

Audio

1. The After-Dinner Speech 
   “Communication Steroids:  The After-Dinner Speech” 
   Description:  This podcast offers a wealth of dos and don’ts for delivering the after dinner speech.
    
2. The Speech of Tribute 
   “Wedding Speeches - Top Tips For Giving An Amazing Tribute To The Newlyweds” 
   Description:  Most students will probably have to give a wedding speech at one time in their lives.  Listen to some top tips for writing a wedding speech of tribute.
    
3. Your Responsibilities Delivering A Eulogy 
   Funeral Poem "When I Am Gone" - How To Write and Deliver A Eulogy Speech 
   Description:  This audio link begins with a moving poem that can be read at a eulogy and follows with steps in the writing and delivering a eulogy, an occasion to mourn and remember, honor and celebrate a life.

Web Resources

1. Goals and Functions of Special Occasion Speeches 
   “Special Occasion Speeches” 
   Description:  This chapter summarizes the special occasion speeches covered in Chapter 22.
    
2. The Speech of Introduction” 
   “The speech of Introduction” 
   Description:Introductory speeches may not be the main event, but they are key for getting an audience acquainted with their main speaker.
    
3. The Speech of Presentation 
   “How to Make a Presentation Speech” 
   Description: Here are the steps in making a successful speech of presentation.

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Video 

1. The Pitch 
   “How to Pitch Your Idea” 
   Description:  The speaker covers 7 Cs in order to make an effective pitch
    
2. How to Make a Positive Impression 
   “How to Make a Good first Impression-Charisma on Command” 
   Description: The speaker teaches how to connect with people in order to make a fantastic first impression.
    
3. Research the Job and the Position 
   “How to Research a Company Before the Job Interview” 
   Description: The speaker explains what steps you can take during the interview process to gather some information about whether the work environment has interesting peers, committed mentors, and a generally healthy/innovative work environment.

Audio 

1. How to Handle a Job Interview 
   “Job Interview Tips - 3 Main Reasons Why a Job Interview Goes Wrong” 
   Description:  Discover reasons why an interview flops and how to answer interview questions.

2. The Speech of Tribute 
   “When you Master These 20 Questions, You can ace Any Interview and Land the Job of your Dream” 
   Description:  Learn how to handle interview questions successfully.
    
3. How to Make a Positive Impression 
   “Job Interview Tips - How to Deal With Interview Nerves” 
   Description:  This link presents suggestions for dealing with nervousness during an interview.

Web Resources

1. Get to the Heart of the Questions  
   “It's not about me, it's about you... the 20 questions you need to ask in a job interview”  
   Description:  TheLadders.com, a job search company, compiled 20 questions for YOU to ask in a job interview.
    
2. The Training Session 
   “Designing a Training Session” 
   Description:  This chapter covers how to design a training session.
    
3. Leading the Meeting 
   “Leading a Meeting” 
   Description: Follow these guidelines in order to lead a meeting effectively.

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Video

1. Leadership and Storytelling 
   “Leadership Storytelling” 
   Description:  This TED talk discusses storytelling and leadership, focusing on Al Gore’s failed presidential run due to his inability to tell stories that connected with his audiences.
    
2. Find Your Voice  
   “Finding Your Inner Voice” 
   Description: The speaker at this TED talk discusses when to acknowledge one’s inner voice.
    
3. Lead with Stories 
   “Lead with a Story” 
   Description:The speaker explains that by using the art of story telling in business, leaders are more effective in their ability to communicate, motivate and engage employees.

Audio

1. Acknowledge the Importance of Stories 
   “Storytellers:  A Look at the importance of Story” 
   Description:  The speaker explains that humans love to consume stories, but few people realize the value of constructing them. He looks at the fundamental principles of storytelling as well as the benefits of viewing the world through the lens of Story.
    
2. Leadership and Storytelling 
   “Building Leadership Through Storytelling” 
   Description:  Listen to how an organization, At Women Win,  is helping women become leaders by sharing their stories to evoke emotion and create change.
    
3. Create Narratives that Motivate and Involve Others 
   “Capturing Authentic Narratives” 
   Description:An authentic, human narrative touches audiences and keeps them attentive.

Web Resources

1. Acknowledge the Importance of Stories 
   “The Importance of Stories” 
   Description:Telling stories is one of the most important things that public speakers can do to make their presentations memorable.
    
2. Discover Your Inner Storyteller 
   “Make presentations more persuasive - discover your inner storyteller” 
   Description:  Use storytelling to make a presentation successful and have a strong impact .
    
3. Identify Stories From Your Life to Share When Giving Talks to Others 
   “Telling Your Story” 
   Description: The article discusses why story-telling matters and includes methods for harnessing the power of stories most effectively. 

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Video 

1. Delivering a Poster Presentation 
   “Giving an Effective Poster Presentation” 
   Description:A description of how to present your poster effectively, with examples. Created primarily with first-time poster presenters in mind.
    
2. Reporting on the Internship Experience 
   “My Internship Experience and Tips” 
   Description: Students can watch a student reporting on her internship and critique her delivery.
    
3. Debating a Position 
   “The Art of Debate: Never Lose an Argument Again” 
   Description: Two former debate champions and top-ranked coaches explain what it takes to become a master debater at any level and discuss the life-long benefits of honing this important public speaking skill.

Audio

1. Presenting Across the Curriculum 
   “Tips for Effective Presentation Design and Delivery” 
   Description:  The speaker offers design and delivery tips to create an effective presentation.
    
2. Debating  Position 
   “What is Debate?” 
   Description:This audio explains the elements of competitive debate
    
3. Delivering a Poster Presentation 
   “How to Prepare for a Poster Presentation” 
   Description:  In this Podcast, the speaker guides students through the process of preparing for and presenting a poster presentation that will hold the audience’s attention and be a memorable experience.

Web Resources

1. Delivering a Poster Presentation 
   “Ten Simple Rules for a Good Poster Presentation” 
   Description:  The article explains ten simple rules for maximizing the return on the time-consuming process of preparing and presenting  an effective poster.
    
2. Reporting on the Internship Experience 
   “Internship Forms” 
   Description:  This site also includes the guidelines for an oral report on an internship experience.
    
3. Debating a Position 
   “Classroom Debate Instructions” 
   Description: This thorough site includes instructions, rubrics, and procedures for class debates.

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Video

1. Presenting Online 
   “Let’s Talk Tactics:  How I Build an Online Presentation” 
   Description:  The speaker explains the tactics of creating an online presentation.
    
2. Presentation Cues for Online Speeches 
   “7 Strategies for Killer Online Presentations” 
   Description: The lecturer explains strategies for successfully presenting online.
    
3. When It’s an Interview 
   “How to Look Good In Skype Interviews-Tips & Training” 
   Description: The speaker explains how to look your best when being interviews by video over the Internet.

Audio

1. Presenting Online 
   “Presenting the Perfect Online Presentation” 
   Description:  The speakers address many of the issues with presenting online. 
    
2. Online Platforms for Presenting 
   “Best Practices for Presenting Online” 
   Description:  This link presents a showcase of virtual presentations that employ best practices for presenting online—from using strategies to engage attendees to leveraging one’s voice to command attention.
    
3. Podcast 
   “Learn How to Podcast” 
   Description:  The speaker explains everything you need to know about Podcasting.

Web Resources

1. Presentation Cues for Online Speeches 
   “How to Bypass the 5 Worst Mistakes in Online Presentations” 
   Description:  The article explains the worst mistakes one can make in online presentations and how to avoid them.
    
2. Distinguish Among Online Platforms 
   “Top five online presentation tools” 
   Description:  These are five of the best web based applications that enable one to create and share presentations online.
    
3. Formats for Online Presentations 
   “Impress your audience with stunning animated online presentation” 
   Description: This site explains how to animate your online presentation, making it different.

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Video

1. Answering Questions 
   “How to Handle Questions from the Audience After a Speech”  
   Description:  Learn how to handle questions from the audience.
    
2. After Presenting 
   “Got a Question?:  How to handle answering audience questions” 
   Description:Answer your audience questions so that it makes your speech's points.
    
3. Anticipate Questions-Especially the Hard Ones 
   “Anticipating Questions” 
   Description: The speaker discusses the need to anticipate questions your audience may have.
    
4. The Timing of a Q & A Session 
   “Presentation & Public Speaking Tip for Answering Questions” 
   Description:  This speaker suggests that an effective Q & A session might come before your closing statement.

Audio

1. Managing the Q & A 
   “When You Don’t Know an Answer” 
   Description:  The speaker offers simple ways to deal with questions you can’t answer.
    
2. Use Guidelines to Manage the Q & A Session” 
   “Tips for Handling Audience Questions During a Presentation” 
   Description:  This lesson covers tips for handing audience questions during a presentation.

Web Resources

1. Managing the Q & A 
   “Conducting a Q & A Session” 
   Description:  The article gives examples of effective ways to conduct live and online Q&A sessions. 
    
2. Reporting on the Internship Experience 
   “Leading the Perfect Q & A” 
   Description:A great Q&A session – one that adds value to your presentation – requires planning and thoughtful contributions from both the audience and the speaker.
    
3. Answering Questions 
   “Answering Audience Questions” 
   Description: This chapter covers the preparation, practice, and management of the A & A session.