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Article 1.

Chu, W. C. K., Tsui, M., & Yan, M. (2009). Social work as a moral and political practice. International Social Work, 52(3), 287-298. doi:10.1177/0020872808102064

This article explores how the Global Standards for social work education and training emphasize human rights and social justice—the moral and political foundation of the profession—and argue for Western nations to recommit to these foundations in social work practice. 

Questions:

1. What are the moral dimensions of social work practice, according to the authors?  
2. What is the role of critical self-reflection for social workers in realizing the social justice mission of the profession?  
3. In what ways do social workers (today and throughout the profession’s history) engage in political practice?
4. What has happened to the moral and political basis for contemporary social work in Western developed nations?  What do the authors recommend in response to these changes?  

Article 2. 

Kam, P. K. (2014). Back to the ‘social’ of social work: Reviving the social work profession’s contribution to the promotion of social justice. International Social Work, 57(6), 723-740. doi:10.1177/0020872812447118

In response to the trend toward individual change and therapeutic approaches, this article presents a theoretical and practice framework designed to resuscitate the “social” dimensions of social work. 

Questions:

1. What are the two broad traditions associated with the social work profession?  Describe the central features and focus of each traditions. 
2. What is the basic concern of distributive justice?  How does distributive justice relate to social work?
3. Describe one of the four explanations offered for why—and how—social work’s commitment to social justice and human rights has diminished over time. 
4. How does the 6S framework proposed here aim to strengthen social work’s commitment to social justice?

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Article 1.

Healy, L. M. (2008). Exploring the history of social work as a human rights profession. International Social Work, 51(6), 735-748. doi:10.1177/0020872808095247

This article explores how social workers have been involved in the development of human rights frameworks and policies and argues for increased engagement with human rights perspectives in keeping with the stated mission of the profession.

Questions:

1. Provide a basic definition of human rights, and describe the three generations of rights outlined in the article. 
2. Describe how social work pioneers (such as Jane Addams and Bertha Reynolds) integrated human rights into the early years of social work. 
3. What does the author mean when suggesting that social workers have generally paid more attention to “human needs” rather than “human rights”? 
4. What are the greatest possibilities for integrating a human rights perspective into contemporary social work? 

Article 2. 

Hounmenou, C. (2012). Black settlement houses and oppositional consciousness. Journal of Black Studies, 43(6), 646-666. doi:10.1177/0021934712441203

This article examines how the context for African American settlement houses—specifically, the extent that they were autonomous from dominant society—shaped the nature of resistance by Black female leaders at the time and contributed to subsequent organizing and social movements.    

Questions:

1. What was the role of “oppositional consciousness” in the development and operation of Black Settlement Houses? 
2. What social and political conditions contributed to the growth of settlement houses led by African American women?  List three factors that led to the growth of these institutions.       
3. What does the author suggest about the effect of autonomy on the operation of Black settlements? Specifically, (a) define what is meant by autonomy in this context, and (b) explain how different levels of autonomy changed the settlement’s relationship to the community.   
4. What were the unique features of Black Settlement Houses as compared to their mainstream white counterparts? 

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Article 1.

Feit, M. D. (2003). Toward a definition of social work practice: Reframing the dichotomy. Research on Social Work Practice, 13(3), 357-365. doi:10.1177/1049731503013003010

This article focuses on how the historical tendency to define social work in dichotomous terms (direct/indirect, clinical/administration) fails to acknowledge the reality that in a job, social workers are engaged in a variety of tasks and responsibilities that draw on a continuum of skills.

Questions:

1. How has the complexity of social work jobs and the variety of settings in which social work occurs contributed to strain and confusion about the definition of social work? 
2. In advancing the idea of an occupational continuum, what does the author suggest about the role of direct and indirect social work tasks and responsibilities? 
3. How does a generalist perspective contribute to a more holistic view of social work practice? 

Article 2. 

Guo, W., & Tsui, M. (2010). From resilience to resistance: A reconstruction of the strengths perspective in social work practice. International Social Work, 53(2), 233-245. doi:10.1177/0020872809355391

This article provides a critique of certain elements of mainstream generalist practice.  Drawing on elements of Bourdieu’s theory of practice, the authors suggest ways for social workers to engage in self-reflection and “frame analysis” as a way to move beyond the emphasis on resilience and acknowledge the possibility of resistance. 

Questions:

1. What is the relationship between strengths-based practice and resilience in mainstream social work? 
2. What are the authors’ central critiques of the strengths-based approach and the emphasis on resilience?
3. Explain the importance of “reflection-in-action” in addressing the identified weaknesses of the mainstream approach to practice. 

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Article 1.

Lundy, C., & van Wormer, K. (2007). Social and economic justice, human rights and peace: The challenge for social work in Canada and the USA. International Social Work, 50(6), 727-739. doi:10.1177/0020872807081899

This article argues that the current social and political context—specifically, increasing militarization and social welfare retrenchment—pose obstacles for social work to achieve its mission of social and economic justice.  The authors argue for a social justice, human rights oriented social work framework. 

Questions:

1. How does individualism (in the U.S.) influence the well being of individuals and communities and shape social welfare in response to human needs?
2. What role does militarism play in the creation and maintenance of an unjust society?    
3. What does it mean to suggest that social workers occupy a “contradictory” position in relation to the society in which they work?   
4. What is the U.S. response to social and economic rights?  Why does this set of rights matter for achieving social justice and human rights? 

Article 2.

McNutt, J. (2011). Is social work advocacy worth the cost? Issues and barriers to an economic analysis of social work political practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 21(4), 397-403. doi:10.1177/1049731510386624

This article explores the conceptual and methodological challenges involved with assessing the impact and effectiveness of social work advocacy efforts. 

Questions:

1. What is the role of cause advocacy in the social work profession? 
2. Why is it important to evaluate the effectiveness of advocacy? 
3. What are the obstacles to evaluating the effectiveness of advocacy efforts?
4. Describe the main features of each of the three existing tools for evaluating advocacy:  Return on Investment (ROI), cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-benefit analysis.

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Article 1.

Parish, S. L., Rose, R. A., & Andrews, M. E. (2010). TANF's impact on low-income mothers raising children with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 76(2), 234-253. doi:10.1177/001440291007600206

In this analysis of National Survey of America’s Families, the authors explore the effects of TANF on employment, welfare use, and marriage among poor and near-poor mothers of children with disabilities.  The article describes the unique barriers to employment faced by this population and offers policy and programmatic recommendations. 

Questions:

1. Why are families of children with disabilities more likely to experience financial instability?  List and describe three factors that contribute to the precarious financial situations of these families. 
2. What is the research question that motivated this study? 
3. What do the findings suggest about the effect of TANF on employment rates of different groups (e.g., poor and near-poor married women, poor and near-poor single women)?
4. How do the caregiving responsibilities in families of children with disabilities create additional barriers for complying with TANF work requirements? 
5. What overall conclusions do the authors draw with respect to TANF’s effects on (a) employment, (b) marriage rates, and (c) welfare use among families of children with disabilities? 

Article 2.

Sykes, J., Križ, K., Edin, K., & Halpern-Meekin, S. (2014). Dignity and dreams: What the earned income tax credit (EITC) means to low-income families. American Sociological Review, doi:10.1177/0003122414551552

Drawing on qualitative interviews, this sociological analysis explores how the Earned Income Tax Credit offers both monetary relief for poor families and a sense of social inclusion and citizenship. 

Questions:

1. Describe the central purpose and function of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). 
2. What three features of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) allow it to avoid the pitfalls of other anti-poverty income maintenance programs? 
3. How does the EITC contribute to social inclusion in ways that wages (earnings) and welfare do not?  What are some of the other effects of the EITC on families in or near poverty? 

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Article 1.

Ausikaitis, A. E., Wynne, M. E., Persaud, S., Pitt, R., Hosek, A., Reker, K., et al. (2014). Staying in school: The efficacy of the McKinney–Vento act for homeless youth. Youth & Society, doi:10.1177/0044118X14564138

Using data from three focus groups with homeless youth, this article presents the perspectives of youth on the experience and meaning of homelessness.  The findings suggest ways to improve the services to homeless youth and enhance their ability to advocate for themselves. 

Questions:

1. What were the goals of the McKinney-Vento Act? 
2. According to research participants, what were the benefits and drawbacks of disclosure of their homeless status? 
3. How does the lack of awareness of rights (among homeless youth) affect their ability to engage in self-advocacy?
4. What could schools do to better support students experiencing homelessness? 

Article 2.

Okech, D., Morreau, W., & Benson, K. (2012). Human trafficking: Improving victim identification and service provision. International Social Work, 55(4), 488-503. doi:10.1177/0020872811425805

This article provides an assessment of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and suggests ways that social workers be involved in improving victim identification and service provision for survivors. 

Questions:

1. Consider the three main goals of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA):  prevention, protection, and prosecution.  How does TVPA attempt to achieve these goals? 
2. What do the authors suggest about the apparently diminishing numbers of trafficked individuals in the U.S. since 2000? 
3. Describe the issues affecting services for identified victims of human trafficking.  What policy and programmatic barriers exist? 
4. What can social workers do to improve victim identification and service provision with respect to human trafficking?  List and describe three recommendations. 

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Article 1.

Blank, R. H. (2012). Transformation of the US healthcare system: Why is change so difficult? Current Sociology, 60(4), 415-426. doi:10.1177/0011392112438327

This article provides commentary on the issue of why the U.S. healthcare system is so resistant to change.  Factors explored include the dominance of the medical establishment, the role of private insurance companies, and public suspicion of government involvement in healthcare. 

Questions:

1. How does the culture of individualism affect U.S. Americans’ views of health care and the possibilities for health care reform? 
2. What are the political and economic forces that have shaped health care policy transformation? 
3. What is the role of public expectations and perceptions of medicine in shaping health care policy?   

Article 2.

Castañeda, H., & Melo, M. A. (2014). Health care access for Latino mixed-status families: Barriers, strategies, and implications for reform. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(14), 1891-1909. doi:10.1177/0002764214550290

Drawing on qualitative interviews with members of mixed status families and health care providers, this article examines the public health dimensions of the broken immigration system.  The authors explore the unique experiences and constraints on family members and conclude with policy recommendations to promote social inclusion and greater access to care. 

1. Define “mixed-status” families.
2. How do fear of deportation and avoidance of institutions in general affect the health and access to health care among mixed status families? 
3. Describe the use of “collective strategies” among family members with respect to maintaining health.
4. What are the three central constraints that prevent members of mixed status families from pursuing care?

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Article 1.

Plummer, S., & Findley, P. A. (2012). Women with disabilities’ experience with physical and sexual abuse: Review of the literature and implications for the field. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 13(1), 15-29. doi:10.1177/1524838011426014

This literature review examines peer-reviewed research on the experience of abuse among women with disabilities.  After summarizing the key themes in the existing research, the authors make suggestions for research and practice to better understand and respond to the unique experiences of this population. 

Questions:

1. According to the authors, why has there been so little attention paid to the experiences of women with disabilities who experience physical and sexual abuse? 
2. Describe the unique experiences or circumstances of abuse faced by women with disabilities.    
3. What do isolation and dependency have to do with risk of abuse?
4. What do these findings suggest about how services for individuals experiencing abuse could be improved? 

Article 2.

Russa, M. B., Matthews, A. L., & Owen-DeSchryver, J. S. (2014). Expanding supports to improve the lives of families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions,doi:10.1177/1098300714532134

This article summarizes peer-reviewed practice research on family-centered approaches to addressing the stress experienced by families of children with ASD.  Several strategies are explored that are designed to address the stress experienced by families.

Questions:

1. What is the family-centered service delivery model?  Why is a family-centered approach recommended in the care of children with ASD? 
2. What strategies have been used to enhance parent-educator collaboration in families of children with ASD? 
3. What promising approaches have been used to promote service coordination? 

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Article 1.

Wahab, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and social work practice. Journal of Social Work, 5(1), 45-60. doi:10.1177/1468017305051365

This article defines and explains the rationale for Motivational Interviewing, a tool for promoting individual behavior change that draws on individual strengths and respecting self-determination.  This approach is compatible with social work values and ethics and is increasingly used by social workers in a variety of settings. 

Questions:

1. What limitations in older (CBT) approaches to behavior change is Motivational Interviewing designed to address? 
2. What is the overall goal of motivational interviewing? 
3. Discuss how and why motivational interviewing is compatible with social work perspectives and practice. 

Article 2.

Watkins, D. C. (2012). Depression over the adult life course for African American men: Toward a framework for research and practice. American Journal of Men's Health, 6(3), 194-210. doi:10.1177/1557988311424072

This article explores a life course perspective in understanding the unique experiences of African American men with depression.  The author develops a framework for understanding the social determinants of depression in this population and how these risk and protective factors vary over the lifespan. 

Questions:

1. What is the life course perspective, and how does it relate to health development? 
2. What specific stressors experienced frequently by African American men may contribute to increased risk of poor mental health? 
3. What is the role of identity in mental health promotion among African American men?  
4. For each of the six social determinants of depression developed in this article, identify an area for intervention that would reduce the risk of poor mental health for this population. 

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Article 1.

Dossett, W. (2013). Addiction, spirituality and 12-step programmes. International Social Work, 56(3), 369-383. doi:10.1177/0020872813475689

Drawing on qualitative data and existing literature, this article explores how the role of spirituality in Twelve-Step Programs is understood by both participants and social workers and explores the tensions surrounding the religious and spiritual dimensions of this approach to recovery from substance abuse.  

Questions:

1. What does research suggest about why social workers are reluctant to recommend Twelve-Step Programs (TSPs) to clients struggling with addiction?
2. How does the concept of powerlessness relate to the spirituality dimension of TSPs?
3. Explain the criticism that TSPs are “inherently disempowering to women” (p. 378). 
4. How does the author resolve the competing claims that TSPs are or are not religious

Article 2

Karoll, B. R. (2010). Applying social work approaches, harm reduction, and practice wisdom to better serve those with alcohol and drug use disorders. Journal of Social Work, 10(3), 263-281. doi:10.1177/1468017310363635

This article examines how the harm reduction approach to treating substance abuse is compatible with two central perspectives of social work—strengths and empowerment.  Various strategies and techniques are discussed and it is argued that harm reduction would improve social work’s approach to addiction. 

Questions:

1. Explain the basic premise of harm reduction as an approach.  How does harm reduction relate to the goal of promoting abstinence from substance abuse? 
2. What are three basic strategies of the harm reduction approach?
3. How do strengths and empowerment perspectives complement a focus on harm reduction in providing services?

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Kaplan, D. B., & Berkman, B. (2011). Dementia care: A global concern and social work challenge. International Social Work, 54(3), 361-373. doi:10.1177/0020872810396255

This article reviews the growing care needs of individuals with dementia and their caregivers and explores the current and potential roles for social workers in light of this increased demand for services. 

1. In what kinds of settings do social workers provide care for persons with dementia? 
2. What types of knowledge and skills are needed to address the needs of persons with dementia and their families and caregivers? 
3. What specific challenges are associated with designing and implementing interventions to improve the psychological well-being of persons with dementia? 

Pardasani, M., & Thompson, P. (2012). Senior centers: Innovative and emerging models. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 31(1), 52-77. doi:10.1177/0733464810380545

Using data from a multiple-case study, this article describes six innovative types of senior centers.  The authors present the defining characteristics of each model and discuss their impact on communities of older adults.   

Questions:

1. What were the original goals of senior centers as established by the Older Americans Act of 1965?
2. What are the benefits of participation in senior centers for older adults?
3. What are the challenges related to funding of senior centers in light of the increased focus on vulnerable populations of older adults?

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Article 1.

Luke, K. P. (2008). Are girls really becoming more violent? A critical analysis. Affilia, 23(1), 38-50. doi:10.1177/0886109907310461

In this article, the author explores public and professional concern over a perceived increase in girls’ violence.  The analysis suggests that the discourse around girls’ violence obscures other important processes related to shifting norms around race and gender. 

1. Explain the two broad claims made about girls’ violence, according to the author’s framework:  (a) Girls are becoming more violent; (b) Girls are not becoming more violent.  How do the proponents of each of these explain the empirical basis (i.e., arrest rates) for their claims? 
2. How do girls’ experiences in child welfare and other social service systems influence their contact with the juvenile justice system? 
3. How do the shifting norms of gender and race influence societal concern over violence among girls? 

Article 2.

Sellers, B. G. (2015). Community-based recovery and youth justice. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(1), 58-69. doi:10.1177/0093854814550027

This article explores the values behind the popular “get tough” approaches to youth crime and reviews data on their lack of effectiveness.  Alternatives, such as restorative justice and therapeutic approaches, are presented. 

1. What are the common principles and elements of the “get tough” approaches to youth crime discussed here?
2. How does rehabilitation differ from the “get tough” approach to juvenile justice? 
3. Describe the rationale for restorative justice and how it works.

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Article 1.

Aiyer, S. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Morrel-Samuels, S., & Reischl, T. M. (2014). From broken windows to busy streets: A community empowerment perspective. Health Education & Behavior, 1-11.  doi:10.1177/1090198114558590

This article presents a  new approach, “busy streets,” for understanding communities.  Refocusing the conversation away from urban decay and social disorganization, this perspective focuses on the conditions that contribute to prosocial interaction and empowered, healthy, and safe communities. 

Questions:

1. How does the “busy streets” approach to understanding neighborhood depart from the traditional approaches to studying neighborhood effects (i.e., Social Disorganization and Broken Windows Theories)?
2. How do the authors define community empowerment?  Explain the three components in their model. 
3. What are some specific interventions that flow from the empowerment-based “busy streets” model for safe and healthy communities?   

Article 2. 

Gültekin, L., Brush, B. L., Baiardi, J. M., Kirk, K., & VanMaldeghem, K. (2014). Voices from the street: Exploring the realities of family homelessness. Journal of Family Nursing, 20(4), 390-414. doi:10.1177/1074840714548943

This article describes a qualitative study of homeless mothers and the caseworkers providing services to homeless families.  The differing perspectives of the two groups are highlighted. 

Questions: 

1. How does homelessness affect the health of families and children and their interactions with the health care system? 
2. What issues did the mothers in this study raise with respect to their experiences in shelters and receiving services? 
3. Describe the conflicting perspectives of the mothers and the caseworkers in this study.  What are the implications of these conflicts for service provision?

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Article 1.

Dreier, P. (2014). The battle over the minimum wage, city by city. New Labor Forum, 23(3), 85-88. doi:10.1177/1095796014542615

This article describes the living wage movement and the recent efforts to demand increase in the minimum wage in cities and states across the U.S. 

Questions:

1. What factors are responsible for increased attention to the inadequacy of the minimum wage? 
2. What is the “living wage movement,” and what are its central accomplishments? 
3. How have economists responded to arguments that raising the minimum wage will force employers out of business? 

Article 2.

Williams, C. L. (2013). The glass escalator, revisited: Gender inequality in neoliberal times, SWS feminist lecturer. Gender & Society, 27(5), 609-629. doi:10.1177/0891243213490232

Building on her earlier work exploring gender inequality in employment, the author revises the original concept of the “glass escalator” through adopting intersectionality and exploring the effects of neoliberalism on the organization of work.    

Questions:

1. Explain the concept of a “glass escalator” with respect to gender and employment. 
2. What are the central critiques of this concept?
3. How does intersectionality respond to these critiques?  What examples from the text illustrate the benefits of an intersectional analysis of gender and work? 
4. How does the reorganization of work and the new economy affect new expressions of gender inequality?

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Article 1.

True, G., Rigg, K. K., & Butler, A. (2014). Understanding barriers to mental health care for recent war veterans through photovoice. Qualitative Health Research, doi:10.1177/1049732314562894

Through a qualitative visual medium (photovoice), this article highlights the multiple barriers recent war veterans face in accessing mental health care.  The role of symptoms, coping strategies, and negative encounters with the health care system are discussed.  

Questions:

1. How does existing research explain the low utilization rate of mental health services among recent veterans?
2. What did this study reveal about the role of military culture and values in help-seeking? 
3. How did veterans’ experiences with healthcare providers and institutions serve as an additional barrier to seeking mental health care? 

Article 2.

Weiss, E. L., Coll, J. E., Gerbauer, J., Smiley, K., & Carillo, E. (2010). The military genogram: A solution-focused approach for resiliency building in service members and their families. The Family Journal, 18(4), 395-406. doi:10.1177/1066480710378479

In this article, drawing on evidence of the unique effects of military culture on families, the authors develop a culturally-specific assessment and treatment tool, the military genogram.  The article includes a description of the steps involved in creating a military genogram as well as a model drawing on a case vignette.   

Questions:

1. Describe the unique elements of military culture and its effects on families. 
2. What is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)?  Why is this approach particularly compatible with military culture, according to the authors? 
3. What is the added benefit of the military genogram? 

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Article 1.

Gray, M., & Coates, J. (2013). Changing values and valuing change: Toward an ecospiritual perspective in social work. International Social Work, 56(3), 356-368. doi:10.1177/0020872812474009

This article explores the ecopspiritual perspective and its compatibility with social work values and principles.

Questions:

1. Describe the basic tenets of the ecospiritual perspective and how it aims to address the anthropocentric bias in traditional views of the natural world. 
2. How does ecospirituality distinguish itself from the New Age spiritual movement?   
3. What do ecospirituality and social work principles have in common? 

Article 2.

Shaw, T. V. (2013). Is social work a green profession? an examination of environmental beliefs. Journal of Social Work, 13(1), 3-29. doi:10.1177/1468017311407555

Reporting on a national survey of social workers, this article explores social workers’ knowledge of and attitudes about environmental issues.  Findings suggest that more work is needed to integrate ecological/environmental concerns into social work education and practice. 

Questions:

1. What is the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP)?  How does it differ from the Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) with respect to ecological and social concerns?
2. What does this study reveal about social workers’ level of environmental concern as compared to the general population?   
3. Based on these findings, what recommendations would you make for strengthening social workers’ understanding of environmental issues and commitment to environmental justice?

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Article 1.

Bø, B. P. (2014). Social work in a multicultural society: New challenges and needs for competence. International Social Work, doi:10.1177/0020872814550114

Drawing on questionnaire and qualitative interviews with social workers, this article explores the struggle to bridge cultures and provide effective and culturally sensitive services in an increasingly diverse, multinational/multicultural context. 

Questions:

1. What were some of the central concerns of social workers interviewed for this study regarding their ability to work with linguistically and culturally diverse client systems? 
2. What kinds of knowledge did social workers in this study want to improve their cross-cultural competence? What do the authors argue about this focus on “the others”? 
3. Discuss the authors’ conclusions about the knowledge and skills needed for effective social work practice in a multicultural society.

Article 2.

Furman, R., Sanchez, M., Ackerman, A., & Ung, T. (2014). The immigration detention center as a transnational problem: Implications for international social work. International Social Work,  doi:10.1177/0020872813500803

This article highlights the consequences of national immigration policy on individuals and families with specific attention to the rise in for-profit immigration detention centers.  The authors conclude that social work is well positioned to address this humanitarian crisis through policy and practice. 

Questions:

1. How has the criminalization of immigration affected individuals and families? 
2. How does the proliferation of detention centers pose a human rights issue for social workers?
3. What do the authors mean by “transnational practice”?  How does this differ from international social work practice?
4. What recommendations do the authors make for addressing the social justice crises in immigration detention centers?