Select a Chapter to start the court case quiz.
Court case: Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority
The Court attempts to limit the breadth of its decision for future cases.
Because the parking authority was passive, the garage really was not public.
Court case: Plessy v. Ferguson
To be constitutional, a segregation law must be a reasonable regulation.
Court case: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
School districts may not use non-contiguous gerrymandered districts as an interim step.
The Court rules that limited use of quotas as a starting point is permitted.
Court case: PICS v. Seattle School District No. 1
The Court makes clear it cites Grutter to support the argument that racial classifications can only be used as part of a holistic view.
Court case: Shelley v. Kraemer
At a minimum, the 14th Amendment does not protect equality in the enjoyment of basic civil and political rights.
For the Court, Louisiana does not ______.
discriminate
stamp blacks with a badge of inferiority
help whites at the expense of blacks
none of these
The Court cites Brown to show that inequality of facilities is key to racial discrimination.
Court case: Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
A liquor license is not enough to qualify as state action.
Court case: Sweatt v. Painter
The Court cites Gaines to suggest that states cannot just pay to send black students to another school.
Justification for racial classifications in school include ______.
remedying the effects of past discrimination
ensuring diversity in schools
both remedying the effects of past discrimination and ensuring diversity in schools
neither remedying the effects of past discrimination nor ensuring diversity in schools
The Court argues that the 14th Amendment was meant to create social equality.
Why is the discrimination here not purely private?
The coffee shop is owned by the state.
The city owns all property within its borders.
The garage is publicly owned so the coffee shop and parking authority are joint participants.
Court case: Brown v. Board of Education (I)
The Court argues that it must look at the effects of segregation in the present rather than back in 1868 or 1896.
Harlan argues that this case will be as infamous as Dred Scott.
The Court says laws that segregate are automatically invalid.
If a private business receives ______ from the state it does not make it a public entity.
electricity
fire protection
police protection
all of these
Court case: Brown v. Board of Education (II)
School districts must make a prompt and reasonable start at desegregation.
Implementation decisions must be made by ______.
principles of equity
balancing public interests
balancing private interests
One-race schools in a district ______.
do not necessarily violate equity
do not need to be scrutinized by courts
do not place the burden on the district to justify one race schools
do not exist de facto
What turned the covenants into state action?
judicial enforcement
legislative enforcement
gubernatorial enforcement
The Court rules that ______.
the policy here was narrowly tailored to stop discrimination
the policy here was not narrowly tailored to stop discrimination
the policy here is legitimate
Precedents and the equal protection clause indicate Sweatt does not have a right to an education equal to white students’ education.
To decide the Court says it must look at ______.
the tangible inequality of the schools
the effect of segregation on public education
the distance children have to go to school
For the Court, social equality can only be achieved through ______.
court decisions
legislation
a natural affinity between the races
the Constitution
Brennan dissents because he believes granting a liquor license makes the state an active participant in in the Lodge.
The Court argues that it is very easy to determine the line between state and private action.
Why is the all-black law school not equal to the white law school?
size of faculty
reputation of faculty
size of student body
Implementation decisions should be made by school boards and district courts.
separate but equal is fine in public education
the intangible factors in the schools are equal
separate but equal has not place in public education
For the Court, purely private discrimination is not within the scope of the 14th Amendment.
Forced transportation is permitted to achieve desegregation.
The Court notes the irony that private businesses are more accommodating than a shop on public land.
The Court slightly distinguishes Grutter because it was a college rather than a public school setting.
The Court rules that any policy that distributes government benefits based on race is subject to strict scrutiny.
The facts in this case are exactly the same as in Sweatt according to the Court.
For the Court, the tangible factors are not equal in the schools.
The Court argues that the all-black law school is not equal to UT law school.
The Court argues that if the standard is a private business obtaining general benefits it would be impossible to distinguish between public and private conduct.
The Court explicitly overturns Plessy here.
Restrictive covenants do not, alone, violate the 14th Amendment.
The Court overturns Plessy here.
