In their study of urban gardens, Kato, Passidomo, and Harvey (2014) describe the Lamanche Urban Farm’s need, over time, for a more specific focus. They write, “This need was most visible during several large service days, when 30–70 volunteers would spend a few hours at the farm, usually cutting grass . . . These volunteers often stressed the working capacity of the farm.” (p. 1844) From this description of the Lamanche Urban Farm, what qualitative research technique is most likely being used to collect this information?
a. in-depth interviewing
b. netnography
c. participant observation
d. focus groups
e. all of these
