Let’s imagine that Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk (2016) had said that based on a study of individual residents, communities with higher rates of legal cynicism will be more likely to have lower rates of crime reporting than communities with lower rates of legal cynicism. What type of error in reasoning could the authors have been making in this hypothetical example?
a. mechanism failure
b. ecological fallacy
c. reductionist fallacy
d. randomization
e. spuriousness
