In the Lacey et al. (2011) National Roadside Survey, the researchers had in place an “impaired-driver protocol” (338). If a member of the survey team suspected that a driver was impaired, the driver was asked to take a breath test. If the test indicated a level of alcohol over the legal limit, the research team would attempt to find the driver a ride home or pay for a taxi and/or hotel room if necessary. What ethical principle does the Impaired-Driver protocol best represent?
a. researchers should fully disclose their identity
b. anonymity or confidentiality
c. benefits should outweigh forseeable risks
d. research should cause no harm
e. participation in research should be voluntary
